What masks actually require a fit test? With such a broad spectrum of Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) available we are here to provide some assistance on the types of RPE that require a fit test.
Respirators are commonly referred to as masks in casual conversation, but there’s an important distinction between the two. Masks are primarily intended to act as a barrier against aerosol droplets from sneezing or coughing and are often used in medical settings like surgery. They are not tight-fitting and do not filter the air you breathe, as they are not made with particulate-filtering materials. In contrast, most respirators are designed to fit snugly and purify the air you inhale, reducing exposure to harmful airborne hazards and contaminants.
TO FIT TEST, OR NOT TO FIT TEST?
Only respirators that fall under the category of “tight-fitting” are required to be face fit tested.
Tight-fitting is defined by the masks’ need to make contact to the wearers face in order to form a seal to be effective so that it can provide the appropriate level of intended protection. The ‘seal’ so to speak is the respirator making full uninterrupted contact to the wearers skin, this is why facial hair is required to be removed, it interferes/obstructs the masks ability to form a proper seal.
Once fit tested into a particular brand, model, or size, it is of the utmost importance that you continue to use that exact same brand, model and size on the job that warrants the use of your respirator in the workplace.
Anytime you are issued a different brand, model or size respirator, you should also be fit tested into that mask to ensure you receive that masks’ full intended protection also. The types of RPE you choose to wear are only considered effective if they are routinely fit tested to ensure proper fit, and to ensure they are functioning correctly.
TO BE EFFECTIVE, YOUR RESPIRATOR MUST BE:
Right for the hazard
Right for the task
Right for the wearer
TYPES OF RPE
RPE is categorised into two main types:
1. RESPIRATORS (FILTERING DEVICES) –
These types of RPE use filters to remove contaminants from the air in the workplace. There are two main types:
Non-powered respirators (Negative Pressure) – Rely on the wearer’s breathing to draw air through the filter.
Powered respirators (Positive Pressure) – Use a motor to pass air through the filter, supplying the wearer with clean air.
These types of RPE require a supply of breathing-quality air from an independent source, such as an air cylinder or air compressor.
Both respirators and BA come in a variety of styles, which can be grouped into two main categories:
TIGHT-FITTING FACEPIECES (OFTEN CALLED MASKS) –
These require a proper seal with the wearer’s face. Available as both non-powered and powered respirators, as well as BA. Examples include filtering facepieces, half-face, and full-face masks. These types of RPE require fit testing.
LOOSE-FITTING FACEPIECES –
These depend on a sufficient supply of clean air to prevent contaminants from leaking in. Available only as powered respirators or BA. Examples include hoods, helmets, visors, blouses, and suits. These types of RPE do not require fit testing.
THE TYPES OF RPE REQUIRED TO BE FIT TESTED
RESPIRATORS (FILTERING DEVICES) - NON POWERED
DISPOSABLE RESPIRATORS
While the correct term for disposable respirators is "Filtering Facepiece Respirators”, in Australia, these are classified as Filtering Facepiece FFP1 and FFP2, though they are more commonly referred to as P1 and P2.
They are available in both valved and non-valved designs. Valved respirators are specifically designed for enhanced comfort and easier breathing, particularly in hot conditions. Studies suggest they can be 3–4 degrees cooler inside compared to non-valved options.
N95 MASKS
Often referred to simply as masks, N95 masks are technically respirators - after COVID, possibly one of the most well known types of RPE.
The term "N95" originates from the United States but has been adopted in Australia. An N95 is nearly equivalent to the Australian P2 respirator, with both providing approximately 95% filtration efficiency. N95 respirators are commonly used in healthcare settings as they offer a higher level of fluid protection (Level 3) and meet Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) approval, making them a trusted choice for medical applications.
ELASTOMERIC HALF-FACE RESPIRATORS
These reusable respirators are designed for versatility, featuring a range of filters that can be selected and attached based on specific hazards. Some brands offer the option to stack filters, enhancing protection against a wider variety of airborne hazards and contaminants.
ELASTOMERIC FULL-FACE RESPIRATORS
Similar in function to half-face respirators, full-face elastomeric respirators offer additional protection by covering the entire face, including the eyes and skin. This enhanced coverage results in a higher Assigned Protection Factor (APF), providing superior defense against hazards.
RESPIRATORS (FILTERING DEVICES) - POWERED
TIGHT-FITTING POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (PAPR)
Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) make breathing significantly easier than other types of RPE, enhancing comfort and allowing for extended wear. These devices provide a higher level of respiratory protection and are assigned an elevated protection factor. Some PAPRs are multipurpose, incorporating additional PPE such as hard hats and face shields for comprehensive protection.
LOOSE-FITTING PAPR – NO FIT TEST REQUIRED
Loose-fitting Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) do not require a mask fit test, making them a convenient option. They also accommodate personal preferences, such as allowing wearers to keep facial hair while still providing effective respiratory protection.g facial hair.
SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS (SAR)
Supplied-Air Respirators are the only suitable choice for environments with depleted or unknown oxygen levels. They ensure protection in oxygen-deficient atmospheres by delivering a reliable supply of breathable air.
RESPIRATORS (FILTERING DEVICES) - POWERED
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)
SCBAs are designed to deliver a continuous supply of clean, breathable air for extended durations. They consist of a full facepiece or hood connected to a compressed air cylinder. These devices are commonly used by firefighters, emergency responders, and workers in hazardous environments where air quality is compromised or uncertain.
Air-line respirators look similar to full-face or SCBA respirators but are designed to be connected to an external air source. They rely on a continuous supply of clean, compressed air delivered through a hose from a stationary source, such as a generator, or a portable air cylinder.
SELECTING THE RIGHT TYPES OF RPE FOR THE JOB
When choosing a respirator, two key factors should be considered:
The level of protection provided by the respirator must match the degree of air contamination present.
The filter in the respirator must be appropriate for the specific type of airborne contaminants in the workplace.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT TYPES OF RPE
When selecting the appropriate RPE, it is essential to consider the following factors:
Worker:
Face Shape and Size: The size and model of the respirator must be suitable for each worker, as one type or size will not fit everyone. A proper fit-test should be carried out for each individual.
Facial Hair: Facial hair can prevent certain respirators from creating a proper seal, compromising their effectiveness.
Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Workers with conditions such as chronic lung diseases (e.g., asthma) may have restrictions or may be unable to wear certain respirators.
Psychological Considerations: Workers with claustrophobia or anxiety may struggle with wearing respirators, particularly those that feel restrictive.
Work Task:
Duration and Physical Demands: The length of time the respirator will be worn and the physical demands of the task should be considered. For example, wearing unpowered RPE for extended periods or during strenuous physical activity can lead to discomfort, potentially causing the wearer to remove the respirator while still in a contaminated area.
Contaminant: The type of contaminant present in the workplace or work environment is a critical factor when selecting the right types of RPE. The level of toxicity, particle size, and the physical form of the contaminant will determine the types of RPE that are suitable.
Special response to HAZMAT incidents: In situations where hazardous materials are involved, special response teams require specialised RPE that can provide high-level protection against the specific contaminants present.
Other Task-related Risks: Certain tasks may introduce additional risks. For instance, a half-face respirator with an exhalation valve may not be suitable where there’s a risk of splashes or exposure to hazardous liquids.
Other PPE Compatibility: Consider what other PPE will be worn. For example, safety glasses may interfere with the fit of a respirator.
Equipment Limitations: Consider the limitations of the RPE, including the filter's lifespan, its effectiveness against specific contaminants, the level of protection it offers, and the need for ongoing maintenance when selecting the appropriate equipment.
Vision and Communication Needs: Ensure the respirator allows clear vision and effective communication, particularly in work environments where these are critical for safety.
Work Environment:
Temperature and Humidity: In hot and humid environments, powered respirators may be more appropriate to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of heat stress.
Hazardous Atmospheres: Some respirators, such as powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), could act as an ignition source in environments with flammable or explosive vapors, gases, or dusts.
Other Environmental Factors: Other environmental factors such as noise levels, air quality, and ventilation must also be taken into account when selecting the right respirator.
HOW TO KNOW IF YOU HAVE CHOSEN THE RIGHT TYPE OF RPE
The types of RPE used in the workplace should comply with the Australian Standard AS/NZS 1716:2012 for Respiratory Protective Devices. Some manufacturers or suppliers of RPE provide selection charts to assist in choosing the appropriate type of respirator and filter for specific tasks.
For assistance in selecting the most appropriate respirator for your workplace, our team at Fit Test Australia can provide expert guidance.
The selection of RPE should be based on a thorough risk assessment and the specific needs of the workplace or task at hand. Filter selection is equally vital as incorrect filters for hazards recognised can leave workers exposed to the very risks they are trying to gain protection from.
Worker health is your wealth. Every breath you take matters.
Fit Test Australia is your go-to for all your fit testing needs, if you want to book a fit test or understand more about your RPE contact FTA.
Your health and safety is our priority
Call: 0403 064 064
Email: info@fta.net.au
FTA fit test Melbourne Victoria and Sydney NSW
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